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Measuring Forecast Accuracy

  1. Forecast Bar 2 8 20
  2. Forecast Bar 2 8 24

How Do We Measure Forecast Accuracy?
Measures of Forecast Accuracy
Mean Forecast Error (MFE)
Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD)
Tracking Signal
Other Measures

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Forecast Bar 2 8 2

How Do We Measure Forecast Accuracy?

  • Used to measure:
    • Forecast model bias
    • Absolute size of the forecast errors
    • Can be used to:
    • Compare alternative forecasting models
  • Identify forecast models that need adjustment (management by exception)

Measures of Forecast Accuracy

Error = Actual demand – Forecast
OR
et = At – Ft

h2. Mean Forecast Error (MFE)

For n time periods where we have actual demand and forecast values:

Forecast bar 2 8 2019

How Do We Measure Forecast Accuracy?

  • Used to measure:
    • Forecast model bias
    • Absolute size of the forecast errors
    • Can be used to:
    • Compare alternative forecasting models
  • Identify forecast models that need adjustment (management by exception)

Measures of Forecast Accuracy

Error = Actual demand – Forecast
OR
et = At – Ft

h2. Mean Forecast Error (MFE)

For n time periods where we have actual demand and forecast values:

Ideal value = 0;
MFE > 0, model tends to under-forecast
MFE < 0, model tends to over-forecast

h2. Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) Airmagic 1 0 0 7094 download free.

For n time periods where we have actual demand and forecast values:

While MFE is a measure of forecast model bias, MAD indicates the absolute size of the errors

Example

Period Demand Forecast Error Absolute Error
3 11 13.5 -2.5 2.5
4 9 13 -4.0 4.0
5 10 10 0 0.0
6 8 9.5 -1.5 1.5
7 14 9 5.0 5.0
8 12 11 1.0 1.0
n = 6 observations Period Demand Forecast Error Absolute Error
3 11 13.5 -2.5 2.5
4 9 13 -4.0 4.0
5 10 10 0 0.0
6 8 9.5 -1.5 1.5
7 14 9 5.0 5.0
8 12 11
-2 14

MFE = -2/6 = -0.33
MAD = 14/6 = 2.33

Conclusion: Model tends to slightly over-forecast, with an average absolute error of 2.33 units.

h2. Tracking Signal

Config plist editor. Used to pinpoint forecasting models that need adjustment


Rule of Thumb:

As long as the tracking signal is between –4 and 4, assume the model is working correctly

h2. Other Measures

    CATEGORIES:
  • Forecasting,
10 °C

Overcast.


Feels Like: 7 °C
Forecast: 14 / 9 °C
Wind: 22 km/h from East

Location: Logan International Airport
Current Time: 26 Oct 2020, 07:54:07
Latest Report: 26 Oct 2020, 06:54
Visibility: 16 km
Pressure1026 mbar
Humidity: 66%
Dew Point: 4 °C

Boston Extended Forecast with high and low temperatures

°C

2 Week Extended Forecast in Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Forecast Bar 2 8 20

Scroll right to see more

Forecast Bar 2 8 24

ConditionsComfortPrecipitationSun
DayTemperatureWeatherFeels LikeWindHumidityChanceAmountUVSunriseSunset
Mon
26 Oct
14 / 9 °CSprinkles late. Overcast.12 °C13 km/h80%56%0.3 mm0(Low)07:1017:44
Tue
27 Oct
14 / 8 °CSprinkles late. High level clouds.10 °C17 km/h50%52%0.1 mm0(Low)07:1217:43
Wed
28 Oct
12 / 6 °CSprinkles. a mixture of sun and clouds.10 °C15 km/h57%64%1.1 mm0(Low)07:1317:42
Thu
29 Oct
14 / 9 °CRain late. Overcast.12 °C11 km/h59%96%16.6 mm0(Low)07:1417:40
Fri
30 Oct
10 / 2 °CRain. Overcast.-1 °C24 km/h56%87%13.8 mm0(Low)07:1517:39
Sat
31 Oct
7 / 0 °CMore sun than clouds.5 °C6 km/h42%2%-3(Moderate)07:1617:38
Sun
1 Nov
13 / 5 °CLight showers. Increasing cloudiness.11 °C20 km/h72%61%4.8 mm0(Low)06:1816:36
Mon
2 Nov
12 / 5 °CClearing skies.6 °C25 km/h46%56%1.5 mm3(Moderate)06:1916:35
Tue
3 Nov
13 / 5 °CMostly cloudy.11 °C16 km/h48%6%-0(Low)06:2016:34
Wed
4 Nov
15 / 10 °CMostly sunny.13 °C9 km/h62%6%-3(Moderate)06:2116:33
Thu
5 Nov
14 / 11 °COvercast.14 °C10 km/h73%40%0.5 mm0(Low)06:2316:31
Fri
6 Nov
16 / 12 °CMostly cloudy.14 °C20 km/h58%5%-0(Low)06:2416:30
Sat
7 Nov
12 / 6 °CSprinkles early. Morning clouds.5 °C21 km/h36%47%1.3 mm0(Low)06:2516:29
Sun
8 Nov
10 / 6 °CSunny.7 °C17 km/h37%5%-3(Moderate)06:2616:28
Mon
9 Nov
10 / 6 °CSunny.9 °C7 km/h38%3%-3(Moderate)06:2816:27
* Updated Monday, 26 October 2020 05:22:39 Boston time - Weather by CustomWeather, © 2020




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